注意事项
1.本试题的答案必须填定在规定的答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)和答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)上写在试题上不给分。
2.第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分的答案须用铅笔填涂在答题卡(ANSWER SHEET1)上，第Ⅳ、Ⅴ部分的答案须用蓝、黑墨水笔或圆笔写在答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)上。用红色笔者不给分。
3.选择题答案选出后，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡(ANSWER SHEET1)上的选中项涂满涂黑，如：［A］［B］［■］［D］。修改时，必须用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。
4.考试结束后，将答题卡(ANSWER SHEET1)和答题纸(ANSWER SHEET 2)一并装入试卷袋内。装答题卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)时不准折叠。
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by black-Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times____1979.
［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］since
The sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［C］［■］
1.As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate____from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
［A］hearing ［B］to hear ［C］to be hearing ［D］having heard
2.Greatly agitated,I rushed to the apartment and tried the door,___to find it locked.
［A］just ［B］only ［C］hence ［D］thus
3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent___and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.
［A］to sunbathe ［B］to have sunbathed
［C］having sunbathed ［D］sunbathing
4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods,you are not entitled____a repayment for the doods damaged in delivery.
［A］to ［B］with ［C］for ［D］on
5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont____I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston".
［A］which ［B］where ［C］when ［D］that
6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away,as though____out of the office.
［A］went ［B］gone ［C］to go ［D］would go
7.The roles expected___old people in such a setting give too few psychlolgical satisfactions for normal happiness.
［A］of ［B］on ［C］to ［D］ with
8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry,____you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
［A］or ［B］and ［C］for ［D］so
9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her___that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.
［A］rather ［B］so ［C］than ［D］as
10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce, let alone___one.
［A］getting ［B］bo get ［C］gotten ［D］get
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following wentences has four underlined parts marked［A］，［B］［C］，and［D］.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5points)
Example:
A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition,which they ［A］ ［B］ ［C］
saw many new products.
［D］
Part［C］is wrong.The sentence should,"A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition,where they saw many new products."SO you should choose［C］.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［■］［D］
11.Having isolated on a remote island,with little work to occupy them,the soldi ［A］ ［B］ ［C］
ers suffered from boredom and low spirits.
［D］
12. If the letter to be mailed was placed on the writing table an hour ago,it
［A］ ［B］
is certain being there now.
C］ ［D］
13.The ruling party could even lose its majority in the lower house of parliame ［A］ ［B］
nt,started a period of prolonged struggilng.
［C］ ［D］
14.The mechanisms at work are manifest in the tendency for such physical activi ［A］ ［B］
ty to utillize the potential harmful constituents of the stress response.
［C］ ［D］
15.In the long run,however,this hurry to shed full-time staff may be more harmf ［A］ ［B］ ［C］
ul to industry as it is to the workforec.
［D］
16.See to it that you include in the exemination paper whatever questions they ［A］ ［B］ ［C］
didn't know the answer last time.
［D］
17.Most newspapers,while devoting the major part of its space to recent events, ［A］ ［B］
usually manage to find room on the inside pages for articles on some interesting ［C］ ［D］
topics.
18.One sign by which you are making progress in an art such as painting or phot ［A］ ［B］
ography is that you begin to realize how much there is to learn.
[C] [D]
19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it ［A］
is played and enjoying it almost as much as the composer at the moment he
［B］ ［C］
composes.
［D］
20.Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the ［A］ ［B］
immune system, leaving a person more liable for infection.
［C］ ［D］
Section C
Directons:
Beneath each of the following sentences,there four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentenec.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found____in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read,"The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose［C］.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［■］［D］
21.He spoke so___that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.
［A］bluntly ［B］convincingly
［C］emphatically ［D］determinedly
22.France's ____of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.
［A］assumption ［B］consumption
［C］presumption ［D］resumption
23.The 215-page manuscript,circulated to publishers last October,____an outburst of interest.
［A］flared ［B］glittered ［C］sparked ［D］flashed
24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties___.
［A］came off ［B］came on ［C］came round ［D］came down
25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually____it in a profitable direction.
［A］adapt ［B］control ［C］install ［D］steer
26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and ____efficiency gains from intemational trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.
［A］secure ［B］extend ［C］defend ［D］possess
27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be____ at the manager's office.
［A］declared ［B］obtained ［C］reclaimed ［D］recognized
28.When I___my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.
［A］woke up ［B］took to ［C］picked up ［D］came to
29.The American society is___an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources,which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.
［A］established on ［B］affiliated to
［C］originated from ［D］incorporated with
30.I am not_____with my roomate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.
［A］concerned ［B］compatible ［C］considerate ［D］complied
31.At first, the____of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible,but,with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.
［A］transaction ［B］transmission
［C］transformation ［D］transiton
32.When the committee_____to details,the proposed plan seemed impractical.
［A］got down ［B］set about ［C］went off ［D］came up
33.____to some parts of South America is still difficult,because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.
［A］Orientation ［B］Access ［C］Procession ［D］Voyage
34.Mr Smith had an unusual_____:he was first an office clerk, the a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.
［A］profession ［B］occupation ［C］position ［D］career
35.The mayor is a woman with great____and therefore deserves our political and financial support.
［A］intention ［B］instinct ［C］integrity ［D］intensity
36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest____to everyone.
［A］speculation ［B］attribution ［C］utilization ［D］proposition
37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs___it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.
［A］renders ［B］reckons ［C］regards ［D］relates
38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly be____,and display in the job.
［A］swift ［B］instant ［C］timely ［D］punctual
39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car, it's an_____extra.
［A］excessive ［B］optional ［C］additional ［D］arbitrary
40.We were pleased to note that the early moming delivery didn't______to the traffic jam of the busy city.
［A］aid ［B］amount ［C］add ［D］attribute
PartⅡCloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked
［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)
If a farmer wishes to succeed,he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus.He must use this surplus in three ways:as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agriculturalimplements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his loans.Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest,but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.
41.［A］other than ［B］as well as
［C］instead of ［D］more than
42.［A］only if ［B］much as
［C］long before ［D］ever since
43.［A］for ［B］against
［C］supplement ［D］dispose
44.［A］replace ［B］pruchase
［C］supplement ［D］dispose
45.［A］enhance ［B］mix
［C］feed ［D］raise
46.［A］vessels ［B］routes
［C］paths ［D］channels
47.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient
［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained
48.［A］search ［B］save
［C］offer ［D］seek
49.［A］proportion ［B］percentage
［C］rate ［D］ratio
50.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously
［C］presumably ［D］frequently
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］，［B］［C］and［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to cach of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding let ter in the brackets with a pencil.(40points)
Passage 1
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving forec. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientistst were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and A sians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries gres richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quich-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,says Stephen Moore of thd Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washing ton,DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business mangement in the United States."
51.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____.
［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before
［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most petential competitors
［D］the unparalleled size of ist workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.
［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
［D］auto industry had los part of its domestic market
53.What can be inferred from the passgae?
［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.
［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.
54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.
［A］turning of the business cycle
［B］restructuring of industry
［C］improved business management
［D］success in education
Passage 2
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an execss of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average. Most of us have roughly the same unmber of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take davantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today梕veryon being the same in survival and number of offspring梞eans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years梕ven the pass 100year梠ur lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they "look at an organic being as asavage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
［A］A lack of mates.
［B］A fierce competition.
［C］A lower survival rate.
［D］A defective gene.
56.What does the example of India illustrate?
［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.
［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.
57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____.
［A］life has been improved by technological advance
［B］the number of female babies has been declining
［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
［A］Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
［B］Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution
［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature
［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere
Passage 3
Whee a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be梕ven admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right梚t can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief,is what the Futurist says; for a noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of liffe, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too,if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words,unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives,of finite verbs.Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and differend colored inks on the same page,and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian off icer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river梐nd then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:`Pluff!Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'
This,though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry,can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition:that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of experession. The whole question is really this:have we essetially changed?
59.This passage is mainly____.
［A］a survey of new approaches to art
［B］a review of Futurist poetry
［C］about metits of the Futurist movement
［D］about laws and requirements of literature
60.When a novel literary idea appers,people should try to_____.
［A］determine its purposes
［B］ignore its flaws
［C］follow the new fashions
［D］accept the principles
61.Futurists claim that we must____.
［A］increase the production of literature
［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress
［C］develop nw modes of expression
［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs
62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.
［A］based on reasonable principles
［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people
［C］indicative of basic change in human nature
［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literature
Passage 4
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition,far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and machanical learning over creativity and selfexpression."Those things that do not show up in the test scores梡ersonality,ability,courage or humanity梐re completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee."Furstration against this kind of thind leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced2,125 incidents of school violence,including 929 assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry,many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral deucation. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weadened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles."In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure."With economic growth has come centralization;fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, twogeneration households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions,but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade,the Japanese divorce rate,while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent,and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
63.In the Westerner's eyes,the postwar Japan was_____.
［A］under aimless development
［B］a positive example
［C］a rival to the West
［D］on the decline
64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
［A］Women's participation in social activities is limited.
［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
［C］Execessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.
［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
65.Which of the following is true according to the author?
［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that____.
［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the fact that_____.
［B］the divorce rate in Japan execeeds that in the U.S.
［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before
［D］the Japanese appreciate their present life
Passage 5
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition梬ealth, disinction.control over one's destiny梞ust be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.In an cdd way, However,it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal.What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents.There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped梬ith the educated themselves riding on them.
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes,Eruopean travel,BMWs梩he locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar.Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-stat restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,"Succed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where the are not extremely unattractive.As a result,the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground,or made sly.Such,then,is the way things stand:on the left angry critics,on the right stupid supporters,and in the middle,as usual,the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.
67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.
［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
［B］it is rewarded witgh money, fame and power
［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material
［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous
68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____.
［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out
［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfill ment of the goal
［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____.
［A］they think of it as immoral
［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth
［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits
［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be amintainedP_____.
［A］secretly and vigorously
［B］openly and enthusiastically
［C］easily and momentarily
［D］verbally and spiritrally
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly no ASWER SHEET2.(15points)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the wdlfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71)
Under modem conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of sepecialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72)Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of ist agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example,the may encourage research in various ways,including the setting up of their own research centers;they may alter the structure of education,of in they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science,economics and industry.In any case,all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and slao scientific and technological mapnpower of all kinds.
73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new coustoms and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time,the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.For example.74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization梬ith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors,governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
Part ⅤWriting(15points)
76.Directions:
A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write and essay of at least 150 words.
B.Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1.Describe the pictures.
2.Deduce the purpose of the drawdr of the pictures.
3.Suggest counter-measures.
2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题评分标准及参考答案
阅卷须知：
1.阅卷一律以本答案为准，不得改动，不得另行制定答案。
2.保持卷面整洁；阅卷人应以高度负责的精神认真仔细地批阅试卷。
3.第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分采用机器阅卷。
4.第Ⅳ、Ⅴ部分采用人工阅卷。阅卷人一律用红笔批改，错误处用横线划出，将每一道大题得分填入大题得分格内，并填入答题纸总计分格内。要求计分正确、清楚。每题必须由两位阅卷人员评阅，并在大题得分格内签上名。第Ⅳ、Ⅴ部分两大题计分时，0.5分者不进位，但总分累计时可进位，作整数填入总计分格。
5.计分以小题为单位，每小题的扣分不得超过该题的分值。
评分标准：
Ⅰ.主题法结构与词汇：
A节语法填空：10题，每题0.5分，共5分。
B节语法辩错：10题，每题0.5分，共5分。
C节词语填空：20题，每题0.5分，共10分。
Ⅱ.完形填空：10题，每题1分，共10分。
Ⅲ.阅读理解选择：20题，每题2分，共40分。
以上三大题采用机器阅卷。
Ⅳ.英译汉：5题，每题3分，共15分。
·如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，共得分最多不得超过1分。
.如出现两种或两种以上正确译法，给分；其中一种译法错误者，酌情扣分，扣分最多不超过1分。
·汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。
Ⅴ.写作：1题，15分。
本题以通篇分档计分，计分标准如下：
15?3分内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。
12?0分内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。
9?分内容题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容；基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误，文章长度符合要求。
6?分内容基本切题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容，语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错。文章长度基本符合要求。
3?分基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。
0分文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。
参考答案：
Part I Structure and Vocabulary(20points)
Section A
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C
6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C
Section B
11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C
16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D
Section C
21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.D
26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B
31.B 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.C
36.A 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.C
Part ⅡCloze Test(10points)
41.C 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.C
46.D 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.D
Part ⅢReacding Comprehension(40points)
51.C 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C
56.B 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.A
61.C 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.B
Prat Ⅳ English-Chinese Transation(15points)
71.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
72.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
73.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗的思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
Prat ⅤWriting (15 poingts)
76.(略)
|
